Goldstone Radar Images of 2014 JO25
Goldstone Radar Observations Planning: Asteroids 2014 JO25 and 2003 BD44
Delay-Doppler images of 2014 JO25 obtained on April 18, 2017. The resolution is 7.5 m x 0.05 Hz. Range increases down and Doppler frequency increases to the right. The asteroid completes about 1/2 of one rotation during this sequence, which spans 2.5 hours.
Animation that shows 2014 JO25's orbit around the Sun. Its orbit is inclined by 25 deg at the ecliptic, the perihelion is at 0.24 au, the aphelion is at 3.9 au, and its Tisserand parameter is at the boundary between cometary and asteroidal objects.
A closeup of 2014 JO25's flyby of Earth. The animation is done in a Sun-Earth fixed frame. The asteroid is coming toward Earth from the bright glare of the Sun.
2014 JO25 2014 JO25 was discovered by A. D. Grauer at the Mt. Lemmon Survey in May 2014. This asteroid will approach within 4.6 lunar distances (0.0118 au) on 2017 April 19 when it will be among the strongest asteroid radar targets of the year. J. Masiero (pers.comm.) utilized observations from the NEOWISE spacecraft in 2014 to estimate a diameter of 0.65 km and an optical albedo of 0.25, indicating that 2014 JO25 is a relatively bright object. The spectral class, rotation period, and pole direction are unknown. This object will be very close to the Sun until April 19, after which it will be favorably positioned for optical observations. We do not expect to know the rotation period before the radar observations because this object will be too faint and/or too close to the Sun. An update about this: Rotation evident in the Arecibo and Goldstone radar images obtained on April 17 and 18 strongly suggests that the period is about 4.5 hours. A slower period of 5.6 h is possible but does not match rotation evident in the images as well as the shorter period. Timely astrometry obtained at Gemini South by J. Masiero (JPL/Caltech) in Sep. 2016 significantly reduced the orbital uncertainties. Subsequently, P. Veres (JPL/Caltech) estimated additional astrometry from archival Pan-STARRS data obtained in 2011. These astrometric measurements were crucial for reducing the pointing uncertainties in 2017 enough for the radar observations to occur. Tracks are scheduled at Goldstone between April 16-21 and at Arecibo between April 15-21. We also hope to transmit with DSS-13 and receive at Green Bank on April 19 to achieve a range resolution of 1.9 m/pixel. (Ultimately we chose not to do this.) The 2017 flyby is the closest by an asteroid at least this large since the encounter by 4179 Toutatis at four lunar distances in September 2004. The next known flyby by an object with a comparable or larger diameter will occur when 800-m-diameter asteroid 1999 AN10 approaches within one lunar distance in August 2027. The 2017 encounter is the closest by this asteroid for at least the last 400 years. There are no known future encounters by 2014 JO24 as close as the one in 2017 until after 2500. 2014 JO25 is classified as a "Potentially Hazardous Asteroid" by the Minor Planet Center.
2003 BD44 2003 BD44 was discovered by LONEOS on January 30, 2003. This object has an absolute magnitude of 16.8 that suggests a diameter of about 1.4 km. Nothing else is known about the physical properties of this object, which is also classified as a "Potentially Hazardous Asteroid" by the Minor Planet Center. Update on 2017 Mar 9: Brian Warner reports a slow rotation period of 29.7 +- 0.02 h and a lightcurve amplitude of 0.4 mag. This suggests a moderate degree of elongation and the slow rotation indicates that the SNRs will be about 3.7x stronger than we expected. We later learned that the rotation period was significantly slower: about 80 hours, which increased the SNRs by another factor of 1.6 relative to our previous estimates. 2003 BD44 will approach within 0.056 au on April 18 and it should be an imaging target at Goldstone and Arecibo. The dates with the strongest SNRs overlap the best dates for 2014 JO25 and some of the times coincide. Given the estimated SNRs, we hope to obtain images of BD44 with a resolution as fine as 18.75 m/pixel, which should be suitable for 3D shape estimation if the rotation period is favorable. This object will brighten to 13th magnitude in April and it should be an ideal target for photometry, vis-IR spectroscopy, and possibly infrared radiometry. 2003 BD44 may be observed by NASA's NEOWISE mission on or about April 18, which could yield an independent estimate of the diameter. As such, the Goldstone observations will also help calibrate the diameter estimated from the NEOWISE mission.
Orbital and Physical Characteristics
Provisional Designation 2014 JO25 2003 BD44
Number not numbered 143404
Discoverer A. D. Grauer, Mt. Lemmon Survey LONEOS
Discovery date 2014 May 5 2003 Jan 30
orbit type Apollo Apollo
Close approach date 2017 Apr 19 2017 Apr 18
Close approach dist. 0.0118 au 0.056 au
Close approach dist. 4.6 lunar distances 21.7 lunar distances
semimajor axis 2.066 au 1.967 au
eccentricity 0.886 0.605
inclination 25.3 deg 2.7 deg
perihelion distance 0.236 au 0.777 au
aphelion distance 3.897 au 3.157
Tisserand parameter 3.048 3.622
absolute magnitude (H) 18.1 16.8
diameter 0.65 km J. Masiero, pers. comm. ~1.4 km
optical albedo ~0.25 J. Masiero, pers. comm. unknown
spectral class unknown, but clearly bright unknown
rotation period 4.5 h from radar images ~80 h, B.D. Warner, pers. comm.
lightcurve amplitude unknown 0.4 mag
pole direction unknown unknown
PHA PHA
2014 JO25 Earth close approaches:
Date (TDB) Body CA Dist MinDist MaxDist Vrel TCA3Sg Nsigs P_i/p
A.D. 1731 Apr 16.84217 Earth .087089 .087062 .087117 32.926 7.15 5.68E5 .000000
A.D. 1829 Apr 18.08254 Earth .068424 .068405 .068443 33.872 3.10 3.93E5 .000000
A.D. 1832 Apr 14.14228 Earth .083127 .083095 .083158 31.527 2.77 4.09E5 .000000
A.D. 2017 Apr 19.51698 Earth .011752 .011752 .011752 33.558 0.13 1.02E5 .000000
A.D. 2091 Apr 22.82171 Earth .037348 .037293 .037402 34.814 4.51 1.27E5 .000000
A.D. 2348 Apr 23.42995 Earth .081689 .081472 .081966 33.985 145.26 2.54E5 .000000
2014 JO25 also makes regular close approaches to Mercury and Venus.
2003 BD44 Earth close approaches:
Close-approach results:
Date (TDB) Body CA Dist MinDist MaxDist Vrel TCA3Sg Nsigs P_i/p
A.D. 1606 Apr 05.45291 Earth .010358 .008269 .012596 16.003 285.20 2.02E5 .000000
A.D. 1639 Aug 28.68550 Earth .068888 .068351 .069426 17.570 57.92 4.31E5 .000000
A.D. 1711 Apr 08.04008 Earth .010371 .010324 .010419 15.979 8.99 3.26E5 .000000
A.D. 1722 Apr 09.15173 Earth .012946 .012906 .012985 15.500 6.20 3.26E5 .000000
A.D. 1755 Aug 24.66958 Earth .035123 .035108 .035137 15.073 2.84 4.22E5 .000000
A.D. 1766 Aug 31.29386 Earth .074835 .074787 .074884 17.732 4.95 4.07E5 .000000
A.D. 1802 Apr 08.29577 Earth .030950 .030947 .030953 16.565 0.38 4.16E5 .000000
A.D. 1813 Apr 16.43664 Earth .060494 .060467 .060521 13.956 4.32 4.45E5 .000000
A.D. 1879 Aug 23.80610 Earth .063785 .063774 .063797 14.075 1.83 4.00E5 .000000
A.D. 1890 Aug 29.79063 Earth .025518 .025517 .025519 16.052 0.25 3.90E5 .000000
A.D. 1937 Apr 18.60467 Earth .061528 .061525 .061531 14.002 0.48 5.16E5 .000000
A.D. 1970 Aug 26.13378 Earth .055150 .055149 .055151 14.213 0.17 3.87E5 .000000
A.D. 2017 Apr 18.59346 Earth .055741 .055741 .055741 14.258 0.03 1.08E6 .000000
A.D. 2050 Sep 05.27198 Earth .058287 .058284 .058290 17.378 0.27 3.31E5 .000000
A.D. 2075 Apr 14.99353 Earth .019540 .019540 .019541 15.753 0.46 5.81E5 .000000
A.D. 2108 Aug 29.96397 Earth .047855 .047624 .048086 14.582 34.58 3.08E5 .000000
A.D. 2119 Sep 10.11566 Earth .093732 .093728 .093736 18.605 0.35 2.26E5 .000000
A.D. 2202 Apr 14.50079 Earth .050596 .050526 .050667 17.193 7.97 5.94E5 .000000
A.D. 2257 Sep 04.71611 Earth .018067 .015932 .020349 15.418 337.46 2.44E5 .000000
A.D. 2268 Aug 28.20878 Earth .088419 .081414 .095556 13.424 1310.5 2.15E5 .000000
A.D. 2345 Apr 16.04218 Earth .057376 .046976 .068277 17.426 1185.1 5.98E5 .000000
A.D. 2386 Sep 03.25997 Earth .060532 .044691 .076940 14.169 2491.3 1.68E5 .000000
A.D. 2419 Apr 27.81587 Earth .073078 .063913 .082686 13.899 1651.5 5.99E5 .000000
A.D. 2449 Sep 12.98636 Earth .046568 .044512 .048621 17.254 181.52 1.19E5 .000000
A.D. 2493 Apr 26.11543 Earth .057808 .051254 .064817 14.456 1139.3 5.11E5 .000000
2003 BD44 also makes close approaches to Venus, Mars, and several large main-belt asteroids.
Last update: 2017 April 19
2014 JO25 http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K14/K14J74.html 2003 BD44
2014 JO25
Goldstone SNRs
2014 JO25: D = 0.65 km, P = 2.1 h, OC albedo = 0.1
DSS-14 Monostatic DSS-13/ DSS-13/ DSS-14/ DSS-14/ DSS-14/
w DOY start date window RA, dec dist runs SNR/day SNR/run GBT AO AO GBT DSS-13
15 104 2017 Apr 14 12:52-23:37 0, +23 0.093 209 20 1
15 105 2017 Apr 15 12:41-23:35 359, +25 0.074 267 50 3
15 106 2017 Apr 16 12:26-23:35 358, +28 0.055 369 170 9 * 2 46 21 3
16 107 2017 Apr 17 12:00-23:37 355, +34 0.036 584 870 40 * 3 8 200 92 12
16 108 2017 Apr 18 10:56-23:42 345, +50 0.020 1239 11000 340 * 27 -- -- 780 100* DSS-13 Scheduled to rx
16 109 2017 Apr 19 05:16-15:32 245, +69 0.012 2721 96000 2000 * 160 -- -- 4600 600* DSS-13 Scheduled to rx (and tx?)
16 110 2017 Apr 20 01:26-11:43 194, +20 0.019 1012 12000 390 * 31 78 2000 900 120* DSS-13 Scheduled to rx
16 111 2017 Apr 21 01:53-10:41 188, +2 0.036 448 820 42 * 3 8 210 97 13
16 112 2017 Apr 22 02:03-10:13 186, -4 0.054 272 140 10 -- -- 23 3
16 113 2017 Apr 23 02:06-09:56 185, -7 0.073 193 42 3
17 114 2017 Apr 24 02:07-09:43 184, -9 0.093 148 16 1
For transmissions at DSS-13 we assumed Ptx = 80 kW. (we later cancelled time at DSS-13)
2014 JO25
Arecibo SNRs
start date window RA, dec dist runs SNR/day SNR/run
2017 Apr 08 14:02-16:47 1, +19 0.213 22 9 2
2017 Apr 09 13:57-16:43 1, +19 0.193 24 13 3
2017 Apr 10 13:52-16:38 1, +20 0.174 28 20 4
2017 Apr 11 13:47-16:33 1, +20 0.154 32 33 6
2017 Apr 12 13:43-16:28 0, +21 0.134 37 56 10
2017 Apr 13 13:38-16:22 0, +22 0.115 43 100 17
2017 Apr 14 13:32-16:16 0, +23 0.096 51 220 32
2017 Apr 15 13:27-16:08 359, +24 0.077 63 530 69 Scheduled
2017 Apr 16 13:23-15:55 358, +27 0.058 80 1600 190 Scheduled Overlaps Goldstone
2017 Apr 17 13:24-15:24 355, +33 0.039 95 6400 730 Scheduled Overlaps Goldstone
...too far north for Arecibo to track on April 18 and 19...
2017 Apr 20 02:27-04:57 196, +25 0.017 298 210000 13000 Scheduled Overlaps Goldstone
2017 Apr 21 02:10-03:54 189, +3 0.033 96 11000 1300 Scheduled Overlaps Goldstone
...too far south after April 21...
Assumptions: Ptx = 900 kW, Tsys = 25 K.
2003 BD44
Goldstone SNRs
Assumptions: D = 1.6 km, P = 29.7 h, OC albedo = 0.1
The actual period is close to 80 h so, all else being equal, the SNRs should be 1.6x stronger
than shown below.
w DOY start date window RA, dec dist runs SNR/day SNR/run
13 90 2017 Mar 31 02:14-11:23 174, +5 0.163 102 29 3
13 91 2017 Apr 01 02:04-11:18 173, +6 0.154 108 35 4
13 92 2017 Apr 02 01:54-11:12 172, +7 0.146 115 44 4
14 93 2017 Apr 03 01:43-11:07 171, +8 0.138 123 55 5
14 94 2017 Apr 04 01:32-11:01 170, +9 0.131 131 69 7
14 95 2017 Apr 05 01:20-10:55 168, +10 0.123 141 89 8
14 96 2017 Apr 06 01:07-10:49 167, +11 0.116 152 110 10
14 97 2017 Apr 07 00:53-10:42 165, +13 0.109 164 150 12
14 98 2017 Apr 08 00:37-10:35 163, +14 0.102 178 200 16
14 99 2017 Apr 09 00:20-10:27 161, +16 0.095 194 260 20
15 100 2017 Apr 10 00:01-10:18 159, +18 0.088 212 350 26
15 100-101 2017 Apr 10-11 23:40-10:08 156, +21 0.082 232 470 33
15 101-102 2017 Apr 11-12 23:16-09:57 152, +23 0.076 255 630 43
15 102-103 2017 Apr 12-13 22:49-09:43 148, +26 0.071 281 850 55
15 103-104 2017 Apr 13-14 22:17-09:27 143, +29 0.066 308 1100 70
15 104-105 2017 Apr 14-15 21:41-09:06 137, +33 0.062 337 1500 87
15 105-106 2017 Apr 15-16 21:00-08:41 130, +36 0.059 364 1800 100 * Scheduled
15 106-107 2017 Apr 16-17 20:14-08:09 121, +39 0.057 388 2100 120 * Scheduled
16 107-108 2017 Apr 17-18 19:24-07:31 111, +42 0.056 404 2400 130
16 108-109 2017 Apr 18-19 18:31-06:48 100, +43 0.056 410 2400 130 * Scheduled
16 109-110 2017 Apr 19-20 17:41-06:01 89, +44 0.057 405 2200 120 * Scheduled
16 110-111 2017 Apr 20-21 16:55-05:14 78, +43 0.059 388 1900 110 * Scheduled
16 111-112 2017 Apr 21-22 16:15-04:29 69, +42 0.062 365 1500 88 Cancelled
16 112-113 2017 Apr 22-23 15:43-03:49 61, +40 0.066 338 1200 71
16 113-114 2017 Apr 23-24 15:16-03:14 54, +38 0.071 310 900 56
17 114-115 2017 Apr 24-25 14:55-02:43 49, +36 0.076 284 660 43
17 115-116 2017 Apr 25-26 14:38-02:16 44, +34 0.082 259 490 33
17 116-117 2017 Apr 26-27 14:23-01:53 40, +32 0.088 237 360 26
17 117-118 2017 Apr 27-28 14:11-01:33 37, +31 0.095 217 270 20
17 118-119 2017 Apr 28-29 14:00-01:15 35, +29 0.102 200 200 16
17 119-120 2017 Apr 29-30 13:51-00:58 32, +28 0.109 185 150 12
17 120-121 2017 Apr 30-01 13:43-00:44 30, +26 0.117 171 120 10
18 121-122 2017 May 01-02 13:35-00:31 29, +25 0.125 159 90 8
18 122-123 2017 May 02-03 13:28-00:19 27, +24 0.133 148 70 6
18 123-124 2017 May 03-04 13:22-00:08 26, +23 0.141 138 55 5
18 124 2017 May 04 13:16-23:58 25, +22 0.149 130 44 4
18 125 2017 May 05 13:10-23:48 24, +22 0.157 122 35 3
18 126 2017 May 06 13:05-23:40 23, +21 0.166 115 28 3
SNRs assume Tsys = 17 K and Ptx = 450 kW
2003 BD44
Arecibo SNRs
start date window RA, dec dist runs SNR/day SNR/run
2017 Mar 20 04:10-05:00 180, 0 0.262 5 21 10
2017 Mar 21 04:01-04:59 179, 0 0.252 6 27 11
2017 Mar 22 03:52-04:56 179, 0 0.243 7 34 14
2017 Mar 23 03:43-04:54 179, +1 0.233 9 45 16
2017 Mar 24 03:35-04:51 178, +1 0.224 10 56 19
2017 Mar 25 03:26-04:49 178, +1 0.215 11 71 23
2017 Mar 26 03:17-04:46 177, +2 0.206 13 91 28
2017 Mar 27 03:08-04:42 177, +2 0.198 14 110 34
2017 Mar 28 02:58-04:39 176, +3 0.189 16 150 41
2017 Mar 29 02:49-04:35 175, +4 0.180 17 180 50
2017 Mar 30 02:39-04:31 175, +4 0.172 19 230 59
2017 Mar 31 02:29-04:27 174, +5 0.164 21 300 70
2017 Apr 01 02:19-04:23 173, +6 0.155 24 380 84
2017 Apr 02 02:09-04:18 172, +7 0.147 26 480 100
2017 Apr 03 01:58-04:13 171, +8 0.140 29 620 120
2017 Apr 04 01:47-04:07 170, +9 0.132 32 800 150
2017 Apr 05 01:35-04:00 169, +10 0.124 35 1000 180
2017 Apr 06 01:23-03:53 167, +11 0.117 39 1400 230 Scheduled
2017 Apr 07 01:10-03:45 166, +12 0.110 42 1800 290
2017 Apr 08 00:57-03:36 164, +14 0.103 47 2400 360
2017 Apr 09 00:43-03:25 162, +16 0.096 51 3200 460
2017 Apr 10 00:28-03:12 159, +18 0.089 52 4100 590
2017 Apr 11 00:12-02:57 156, +20 0.083 60 5600 750 Scheduled
2017 Apr 11-12 23:56-02:38 153, +23 0.077 63 7500 980 Scheduled
2017 Apr 12-13 23:39-02:14 149, +26 0.072 66 9700 1200 Scheduled
2017 Apr 13-14 23:21-01:44 144, +29 0.067 66 12000 1600 Scheduled
2017 Apr 14-15 23:04-01:06 138, +32 0.063 60 14000 2000 Scheduled
2017 Apr 15-16 22:50-00:14 131, +36 0.060 44 12000 2000 Scheduled
...too far north for a while...
2017 Apr 24 16:59-18:08 49, +36 0.075 28 4000 810 Scheduled
2017 Apr 25 16:21-18:01 45, +34 0.081 37 4100 750 Scheduled
2017 Apr 26 15:52-17:52 41, +33 0.087 41 3700 630
2017 Apr 27 15:28-17:41 38, +31 0.094 43 3000 490
2017 Apr 28 15:09-17:31 35, +29 0.101 43 2300 380
2017 Apr 29 14:52-17:22 33, +28 0.108 41 1800 300 Scheduled
2017 Apr 30 14:38-17:12 31, +26 0.116 40 1400 240
2017 May 01 14:26-17:04 29, +25 0.124 38 1100 190
2017 May 02 14:15-16:55 28, +24 0.131 37 880 150
2017 May 03 14:05-16:47 26, +23 0.140 35 700 120
2017 May 04 13:56-16:40 25, +22 0.148 33 560 100
2017 May 05 13:48-16:33 24, +22 0.156 32 450 83
2017 May 06 13:41-16:26 24, +21 0.165 30 360 69
2017 May 07 13:34-16:19 23, +20 0.174 28 290 57 End of Arecibo request
2017 May 08 13:27-16:13 22, +20 0.182 27 240 48
2017 May 09 13:21-16:07 22, +19 0.191 24 190 41
2017 May 10 13:16-16:01 21, +19 0.201 22 160 34
2017 May 11 13:10-15:56 21, +18 0.210 22 130 29
2017 May 12 13:05-15:51 21, +18 0.219 20 110 25
2017 May 13 13:01-15:45 20, +17 0.229 20 94 22
2017 May 14 12:56-15:41 20, +17 0.238 20 82 19
2017 May 15 12:52-15:36 20, +17 0.248 20 70 16
2017 May 16 12:47-15:31 20, +16 0.258 19 60 14
2017 May 17 12:43-15:27 20, +16 0.268 18 51 13
2017 May 18 12:40-15:23 20, +16 0.278 17 44 11
2017 May 19 12:36-15:19 20, +16 0.288 17 38 10
2017 May 20 12:32-15:15 20, +16 0.299 16 33 9
2017 May 21 12:29-15:11 20, +15 0.309 15 29 8
2017 May 22 12:25-15:08 20, +15 0.319 15 25 7
2017 May 23 12:22-15:04 20, +15 0.330 14 22 6
Arecibo SNRs assume Ptx = 900 kW and Tsys = 25 K
Due to the slow rotation period, Arecibo will see only about 1/10 of a rotation per track.
Track Assignments
DOY BOA BOT EOT EOA
106 0205 0335 0905 0935 DSS-14 GSSR AST 2003 BD44
106 1055 1225 1540 1610 DSS-14 GSSR AST 2014 JO25
106 2340 0110 0400 0430 DSS-14 GSSR AST 2003 BD44
107 1145 1315 1430 1500 DSS-14 GSSR AST 2014 JO25
108 0925 1055 1430 1500 DSS-14 GSSR AST 2014 JO25
108 2200 2330 0110 0140 DSS-14 GSSR AST 2003 BD44
109 1040 1210 1420 1450 DSS-14 GSSR AST 2014 JO25
109 1920 2050 0555 0625 DSS-14 GSSR 03 BD44/14 JO25
111 0115 0245 0555 0625 DSS-14 GSSR 03 BD44/14 JO25
111 1935 2105 0235 0305 DSS-14 GSSR AST 2003 BD44 CANCELLED
Goldstone Schedule in more detail:
UT PDT Round-trip
DOY Date TX Window TX Window time (sec) SNR/RTT Observer
106 Apr 16 2003 BD44 0235-0905 1935-0205 Apr 15-16 59 100 MB
106 Apr 16 2014 JO25 1225-1540 0525-0840 Apr 16 55 9 SPN
107 Apr 17 2003 BD44 0010-0400 1710-2100 Apr 16 57 120 MB
107 Apr 17 2014 JO25 1215-1430 0515-0730 Apr 17 36 40 SPN
108 Apr 18 2014 JO25 1055-1430 0355-0730 Apr 18 20 340 SPN
108-109 Apr 18-19 2003 BD44 2230-0110 1530-1810 Apr 18 56 130 LAMB
109 Apr 19 2014 JO25 1110-1420 0410-0720 Apr 19 12 2000 LAMB
109-110 Apr 19-20 2003 BD44 1950-0555 1250-2255 Apr 19 57 120 SPN
110 Apr 20 2014 JO25 0125-0555 1825-2255 Apr 19 19 390 SPN/LAMB
111 Apr 21 2003 BD44 0145-0515 1845-2215 Apr 20 59 110 LAMB
111 Apr 21 2014 JO25 0155-0555 1855-2255 Apr 20 36 42 LAMB
111-112 Apr 21-22 2003 BD44 2005-0235 1305-1935 Apr 21 62 88 MB CANCELLED`
TXsta times are 30 minutes after precal if the asteroid is at least 20 deg above the horizon or later if it isn't.
Arecibo Schedule:
UT PDT
date Target start stop start stop dist SNR/run
Apr 6 2003 BD44 0123-0353 1823-2053 Apr 5 0.117 230
Apr 11 2003 BD44 0012-0353 1712-2053 Apr 10 0.083 750
Apr 11-12 2003 BD44 2356-0238 1656-1938 Apr 11 0.077 980
Apr 12 2014 JO25 1343-1628 0643-0928 Apr 12 0.134 10
Apr 12-13 2003 BD44 2339-0214 1639-1914 Apr 12 0.072 1200
Apr 13 2014 JO25 1338-1622 0638-0922 Apr 13 0.115 17
Apr 13-14 2003 BD44 2321-0144 1621-1844 Apr 13 0.067 1600
Apr 14 2014 JO25 1332-1616 0632-0916 Apr 14 0.096 32
Apr 14-15 2003 BD44 2304-0106 1604-1806 Apr 14 0.063 2000
Apr 15 2014 JO25 1327-1608 0627-0908 Apr 15 0.077 69
Apr 15-16 2003 BD44 2250-0014 1550-1714 Apr 15 0.060 2000
Apr 16 2014 JO25 1323-1555 0623-0855 Apr 16 0.058 190 Goldstone overlap: 1323-1540 Most of Arecibo track
Apr 17 2014 JO25 1324-1524 0624-0824 Apr 17 0.039 730 Goldstone overlap: 1324-1430 About 1/2 of Arecibo track
Apr 20 2014 JO25 0227-0457 1927-2157 Apr 19 0.017 13000 Goldstone overlap: 0227-0457 Entire Arecibo track
Apr 21 2014 JO25 0210-0354 1910-2054 Apr 20 0.033 1300 Goldstone overlap: 0210-0354 Entire Arecibo track
2003 BD44: Selected dates between Apr. 6 - May 7. Other dates after April 15 may be announced.
Uncertainties
2014 JO25
JPL/Horizons solution 21, # obs: 174 (2011-2016):
2016 September 8 (still the most recent solution as of 2017 March 15, as expected given the low solar elongations)
Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._(a-appar)_DEC. delta POS_3sigma DOP_S_3sig DOP_X_3sig RT_delay_3sig
2017-Apr-14 00:00 * 359.92187 21.94471 0.10774713040816 2.663 1.61 5.86 0.001882
2017-Apr-15 00:00 * 359.38033 23.25237 0.08840420356500 3.219 1.70 6.16 0.001836
2017-Apr-16 00:00 * 358.54617 25.27222 0.06918269458119 4.111 1.93 7.02 0.001784 *
2017-Apr-17 00:00 * 357.03973 28.80713 0.05016152463895 5.763 2.71 9.86 0.001716 *
2017-Apr-18 00:00 * 353.37846 36.47284 0.03163658123416 9.744 6.41 23.29 0.001586 *
2017-Apr-19 00:00 * 331.69545 60.63872 0.01542031495381 25.177 38.97 141.65 0.001031 *
2017-Apr-20 00:00 * 199.48904 32.46584 0.01502938815200 23.224 33.85 123.01 0.001265 *
2017-Apr-21 00:00 * 189.06457 4.96607 0.03106980643399 8.428 3.49 12.67 0.001649 *
2017-Apr-22 00:00 * 186.41552 -3.11496 0.04957399851552 4.966 1.55 5.63 0.001671
2017-Apr-23 00:00 * 185.22321 -6.76800 0.06859486471718 3.517 1.43 5.18 0.001658
2017-Apr-24 00:00 * 184.55617 -8.83121 0.08781791060877 2.721 1.41 5.13 0.001638
2017-Apr-25 00:00 *m 184.13971 -10.15377 0.10715540643648 2.218 1.40 5.10 0.001618
JPL/Horizons solution 19, # obs: 169 (58 days):
2016 August 30
2017-Apr-14 00:00 * 357.78503 21.10001 0.10415842235604 37879.257 13116.45 47671.15 16.481329
2017-Apr-15 00:00 * 356.74460 22.24594 0.08490278664789 46434.111 14267.04 51852.90 15.994753
2017-Apr-16 00:00 * 355.09461 24.03572 0.06577397688079 60101.335 17435.75 63369.41 15.436052
2017-Apr-17 00:00 * 352.02072 27.22058 0.04686799080270 85303.585 27425.87 99678.06 14.665103
2017-Apr-18 00:00 * 344.22794 34.27438 0.02856412570854 145538.433 74580.16 271058.16 13.057887
2017-Apr-19 00:00 * 300.62889 52.70226 0.01349119134195 353887.380 494956.48 1798896.44 5.282321
2017-Apr-20 00:00 * 207.99544 18.25540 0.01715387024391 236625.525 166697.90 605855.82 12.750465
2017-Apr-21 00:00 * 194.07714 0.01610 0.03395825818562 108970.941 6837.32 24849.92 14.659091
2017-Apr-22 00:00 * 189.78346 -5.85479 0.05254088897414 69277.896 5515.57 20046.10 14.594332
2017-Apr-23 00:00 * 187.73367 -8.62923 0.07154956936981 50492.196 7124.89 25895.10 14.346057
2017-Apr-24 00:00 * 186.54617 -10.23263 0.09073844567555 39570.439 7187.20 26121.56 14.078104
2017-Apr-25 00:00 *m 185.78131 -11.27468 0.11003495033589 32434.464 6945.08 25241.56 13.816718
2003 BD44
JPL/Horizons solution 134, # obs: 505 (1981-2017):
2017 Mar 15
Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._(a-appar)_DEC. delta POS_3sigma DOP_S_3sig DOP_X_3sig RT_delay_3sig
2017-Apr-10 00:00 * 159.34144 17.70533 0.08975352028868 0.901 0.44 1.60 0.000713
2017-Apr-11 00:00 * 156.45129 20.01229 0.08345323178619 0.976 0.45 1.65 0.000719
2017-Apr-12 00:00 * 153.02071 22.61125 0.07753312766848 1.076 0.50 1.82 0.000722
2017-Apr-13 00:00 * 148.90631 25.51544 0.07207542604046 1.216 0.62 2.24 0.000718
2017-Apr-14 00:00 * 143.92793 28.70813 0.06718315884721 1.404 0.83 3.02 0.000707
2017-Apr-15 00:00 * 137.87240 32.11699 0.06298059594787 1.649 1.16 4.21 0.000684
2017-Apr-16 00:00 * 130.52007 35.58198 0.05960864208522 1.943 1.59 5.78 0.000648
2017-Apr-17 00:00 * 121.71768 38.83182 0.05721200922518 2.263 2.08 7.55 0.000595
2017-Apr-18 00:00 * 111.51311 41.50240 0.05591693812931 2.567 2.54 9.25 0.000527
2017-Apr-19 00:00 * 100.30394 43.23239 0.05580394068089 2.805 2.90 10.54 0.000448
2017-Apr-20 00:00 * 88.84461 43.81552 0.05688674473097 2.939 3.08 11.18 0.000367
2017-Apr-21 00:00 * 77.99506 43.30122 0.05910895314360 2.960 3.07 11.14 0.000295
2017-Apr-22 00:00 * 68.37697 41.94989 0.06236035668287 2.884 2.91 10.57 0.000249
2017-Apr-23 00:00 * 60.22902 40.09210 0.06650343503171 2.741 2.66 9.68 0.000239
Apparent Magnitudes, Solar Elongations, Lunar Elongations, and Lunar Illumination:
2014 JO25
Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._(a-appar)_DEC. delta APmag S-O-T /r T-O-M/Illu%
2017-Apr-07 00:00 1.62789 18.43733 0.24618586873373 24. 18.1980 /L 136.3/ 82.4
2017-Apr-08 00:00 1.46061 18.71046 0.22600919923435 24. 18.9439 /L 147.1/ 89.6
2017-Apr-09 00:00 1.28349 19.02057 0.20599391868413 24. 19.7439 /L 155.8/ 95.0
2017-Apr-10 00:00 1.09158 19.38181 0.18612080916221 24. 20.6031 /L 159.7/ 98.4
2017-Apr-11 00:00 0.87744 19.81453 0.16637303654009 23. 21.5313 /L 156.6/ 99.8
2017-Apr-12 00:00 0.62946 20.34947 0.14673644245560 23. 22.5461 /L 148.8/ 99.3
2017-Apr-13 00:00 0.32866 21.03558 0.12720026990355 22. 23.6786 /L 139.0/ 97.0
2017-Apr-14 00:00 359.94174 21.95627 0.10775883560910 22. 24.9860 /L 128.5/ 92.9
2017-Apr-15 00:00 359.40483 23.26652 0.08841555455317 21. 26.5822 /L 117.7/ 87.4
2017-Apr-16 00:00 358.57802 25.29035 0.06919381393317 20. 28.7218 /L 106.9/ 80.5
2017-Apr-17 00:00 357.08507 28.83215 0.05017265451272 19. 32.0843 /L 96.2/ 72.5
2017-Apr-18 00:00 353.45639 36.51249 0.03164828508802 17. 39.1009 /L 86.5/ 63.7
2017-Apr-19 00:00 331.92726 60.73725 0.01543360434104 13.56 63.7102 /L 84.1/ 54.2
2017-Apr-20 00:00 199.33954 32.56695 0.01503352283700 10.72 135.1546 /T 114.8/ 44.3
2017-Apr-21 00:00 189.00061 5.01188 0.03106792443761 11.79 153.9679 /T 132.3/ 34.4
2017-Apr-22 00:00 186.37531 -3.08671 0.04957082822101 12.80 155.0163 /T 145.3/ 24.9
2017-Apr-23 00:00 185.19395 -6.74767 0.06859145079006 13.56 154.1031 /T 157.7/ 16.1
2017-Apr-24 00:00 184.53320 -8.81533 0.08781461101418 14.15 152.9724 /T 168.2/ 8.8
2017-Apr-25 00:00 184.12082 -10.14072 0.10715238123421 14.63 151.8618 /T 167.3/ 3.4
2017-Apr-26 00:00 183.84788 -11.06215 0.12657308033313 15.04 150.8015 /T 155.5/ 0.5
2017-Apr-27 00:00 183.66226 -11.74003 0.14606395335157 15.40 149.7871 /T 141.7/ 0.5
2017-Apr-28 00:00 183.53584 -12.26002 0.16561984081338 15.71 148.8100 /T 127.2/ 3.5
2017-Apr-29 00:00 183.45208 -12.67201 0.18523896805994 16.00 147.8624 /T 112.8/ 9.3
2017-Apr-30 00:00 183.40055 -13.00702 0.20492116521159 16.26 146.9384 /T 98.4/ 17.4
2017-May-01 00:00 183.37434 -13.28532 0.22466705071372 16.50 146.0335 /T 84.4/ 27.1
2017-May-02 00:00 183.36864 -13.52074 0.24447763530686 16.72 145.1442 /T 70.8/ 37.8
2017-May-03 00:00 183.38000 -13.72301 0.26435411949217 16.92 144.2680 /T 57.6/ 48.9
2017-May-04 00:00 183.40587 -13.89921 0.28429778299394 17.12 143.4029 /T 45.1/ 59.6
2017-May-05 00:00 183.44432 -14.05458 0.30430991985799 17.30 142.5475 /T 33.2/ 69.6
2017-May-06 00:00 183.49384 -14.19312 0.32439179795450 17.47 141.7004 /T 22.7/ 78.6
This object approaches more or less from the direction of the Sun, so new astrometry
prior to the flyby will not be possible using ground-based optical telescopes.
2003 BD44
Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._(a-appar)_DEC. delta APmag S-O-T /r T-O-M/Illu%
2017-Mar-01 00:00 183.04595 -3.38099 0.47148055286773 16.82 156.3795 /L 171.3/ 7.1
2017-Mar-02 00:00 183.00202 -3.32100 0.45930593773148 16.73 157.4467 /L 157.8/ 14.1
2017-Mar-03 00:00 182.94709 -3.25317 0.44727188678218 16.64 158.5266 /L 143.7/ 23.0
2017-Mar-04 00:00 182.88088 -3.17716 0.43537824090679 16.54 159.6196 /L 129.5/ 33.4
2017-Mar-05 00:00 182.80302 -3.09260 0.42362466762130 16.45 160.7263 /L 115.2/ 44.6
2017-Mar-06 00:00 182.71316 -2.99908 0.41201068329811 16.35 161.8471 /L 101.1/ 56.0
2017-Mar-07 00:00 182.61087 -2.89617 0.40053568055405 16.24 162.9826 /L 87.0/ 67.1
2017-Mar-08 00:00 182.49570 -2.78339 0.38919895770478 16.14 164.1333 /L 72.9/ 77.1
2017-Mar-09 00:00 182.36715 -2.66022 0.37799974793715 16.03 165.3000 /L 59.1/ 85.7
2017-Mar-10 00:00 182.22465 -2.52609 0.36693724631156 15.92 166.4835 /L 45.3/ 92.5
2017-Mar-11 00:00 182.06761 -2.38038 0.35601063282494 15.81 167.6845 /L 31.8/ 97.1
2017-Mar-12 00:00 181.89535 -2.22240 0.34521908988881 15.69 168.9040 /L 18.6/ 99.6
2017-Mar-13 00:00 181.70713 -2.05142 0.33456181310891 15.57 170.1429 /L 6.246/ 99.8
2017-Mar-14 00:00 181.50215 -1.86662 0.32403801530544 15.44 171.4023 /L 8.743/ 98.0
2017-Mar-15 00:00 181.27951 -1.66708 0.31364692500675 15.31 172.6832 /L 21.0/ 94.2
2017-Mar-16 00:00 181.03824 -1.45183 0.30338778170176 15.17 173.9869 /L 33.4/ 88.8
2017-Mar-17 00:00 180.77724 -1.21976 0.29325983057703 15.03 175.3141 /L 45.7/ 82.1
2017-Mar-18 00:00 180.49534 -0.96965 0.28326231924111 14.87 176.6649 /L 57.9/ 74.3
2017-Mar-19 00:00 180.19118 -0.70015 0.27339449826592 14.70 178.0350 /L 70.1/ 65.7
2017-Mar-20 00:00 179.86327 -0.40976 0.26365562655454 14.51 179.3618 /L 82.3/ 56.4
2017-Mar-21 00:00 179.50994 -0.09678 0.25404498179775 14.44 178.9885 /T 94.7/ 46.9
2017-Mar-22 00:00 179.12929 0.24068 0.24456187569938 14.45 177.5494 /T 107.2/ 37.4
2017-Mar-23 00:00 178.71920 0.60475 0.23520567325233 14.43 176.0388 /T 120.1/ 28.1
2017-Mar-24 00:00 178.27721 0.99786 0.22597581516727 14.40 174.4803 /T 133.3/ 19.4
2017-Mar-25 00:00 177.80055 1.42275 0.21687184276286 14.36 172.8744 /T 147.0/ 11.8
2017-Mar-26 00:00 177.28601 1.88253 0.20789342556772 14.32 171.2179 /T 161.1/ 5.8
2017-Mar-27 00:00 176.72989 2.38080 0.19904039401880 14.28 169.5062 /T 175.5/ 1.7
2017-Mar-28 00:00 176.12789 2.92167 0.19031278320456 14.23 167.7339 /T 169.3/ 0.1
2017-Mar-29 00:00 175.47493 3.50989 0.18171089805191 14.17 165.8945 /T 154.0/ 1.2
2017-Mar-30 00:00 174.76503 4.15100 0.17323541405978 14.11 163.9801 /T 138.5/ 5.1
2017-Mar-31 00:00 173.99102 4.85148 0.16488752864333 14.05 161.9815 /T 122.8/ 11.5
2017-Apr-01 00:00 173.14426 5.61891 0.15666917584696 13.99 159.8878 /T 107.2/ 20.1
2017-Apr-02 00:00 172.21424 6.46226 0.14858331388763 13.92 157.6858 /T 91.5/ 30.3
2017-Apr-03 00:00 171.18810 7.39214 0.14063429463663 13.86 155.3598 /T 76.0/ 41.3
2017-Apr-04 00:00 170.04999 8.42111 0.13282832942676 13.79 152.8905 /T 60.7/ 52.6
2017-Apr-05 00:00 168.78021 9.56408 0.12517407631271 13.72 150.2549 /T 45.5/ 63.6
2017-Apr-06 00:00 167.35410 10.83869 0.11768338814538 13.64 147.4249 /T 30.4/ 73.6
2017-Apr-07 00:00 165.74053 12.26570 0.11037227666982 13.57 144.3664 /T 15.7/ 82.4
2017-Apr-08 00:00 163.89984 13.86926 0.10326216392245 13.50 141.0377 /T 5.816/ 89.6
2017-Apr-09 00:00 161.78117 15.67692 0.09638150576786 13.43 137.3887 /T 17.0/ 95.0
2017-Apr-10 00:00 159.31868 17.71889 0.08976787557359 13.37 133.3593 /T 32.0/ 98.4
2017-Apr-11 00:00 156.42689 20.02593 0.08347056907562 13.32 128.8786 /T 47.6/ 99.8
2017-Apr-12 00:00 152.99464 22.62462 0.07755369235612 13.28 123.8661 /T 63.5/ 99.3
2017-Apr-13 00:00 148.87868 25.52801 0.07209944586883 13.27 118.2355 /T 79.8/ 97.0
2017-Apr-14 00:00 143.89910 28.71915 0.06721080372680 13.29 111.9051 /T 96.5/ 92.9
2017-Apr-15 00:00 137.84316 32.12553 0.06301191635989 13.36 104.8158 /T 113.6/ 87.4
2017-Apr-16 00:00 130.49192 35.58709 0.05964348960650 13.49 96.9614 /T 130.7/ 80.5
2017-Apr-17 00:00 121.69302 38.83285 0.05724995995965 13.71 88.4234 /T 146.5/ 72.5
2017-Apr-18 00:00 111.49504 41.49950 0.05595726086532 14.03 79.3972 /T 156.4/ 63.7
2017-Apr-19 00:00 100.29528 43.22678 0.05584565370956 14.49 70.1842 /T 151.7/ 54.2
2017-Apr-20 00:00 88.84649 43.80922 0.05692876506848 15.08 61.1388 /T 136.8/ 44.3
2017-Apr-21 00:00 78.00627 43.29620 0.05915027932798 16. 52.5885 /T 118.8/ 34.4
2017-Apr-22 00:00 68.39484 41.94733 0.06240020361094 17. 44.7700 /T 100.1/ 24.9
2017-Apr-23 00:00 60.25072 40.09230 0.06654128032552 18. 37.8104 /T 81.5/ 16.1
2017-Apr-24 00:00 53.51907 38.01453 0.07143336239712 19. 31.7485 /T 63.2/ 8.8
Setups
We'll begin with a stadard CW setup in the hope of seeing an echo quickly.
CW setup:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TX polarization RCP
RCV polarization LCP & RCP
Frequency hops: no hopping
Bandwidth: 5000 Hz
TXoffset +500 Hz
Sampling interval: 2000 x 0.1 usec
FFT for PFS files: 10000 for 0.5 Hz resolution
Ranging setups:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
10-usec
baud 10 usec
code 127
PRP 1270 usec
FFT 128
ncoh 1
bandwidth 787 Hz
resolution 12.3 Hz
TXOFF +100 Hz (echo in column 32 + 8 = 40)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
11-usec
baud 11 usec
code 127
PRP 1397 usec
FFT 64
ncoh 1
bandwidth 716 Hz
resolution 11.2 Hz
TXOFF +100 Hz (echo in column 32 + 9 = 41)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1-usec
baud 1 usec
code 255
FFT 512
ncoh 16
bandwidth 245 Hz
resolution 0.48 Hz
TXOFF +50 Hz
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Instructions
NOTE: Data should be moved to the appropriate subdirectories in
aardvark:/export/data0/2014jo25/raw/
POINTING:
OSOD and predicts will be on aardvark:
...not available yet...
POINTING
TX Offsets
Date (UTC) DOY hhmmss RA Dec Macro LHA Dec RTT OSOD
... not available yet...
Transmit offsets are given in millidegrees.
PRDX.OUT.14f-14-14.??
TRANSMITTER: STATION #14, RECEIVER: STATION #14
RECEIVER U.T. RANGE DOPPLER LHA DEC RA EL
GOLDSTONE MASTERLOG
==============================================================================
Receive TX
Setup hops dwell code ncoh FFT runs start -stop OSOD offset Poln Notes
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dr. Lance A. M. Benner | PHONE: (818) 354-7412
Mail Stop 183-601 | FAX: (818) 393-4445
Jet Propulsion Laboratory | email: lance.benner@jpl.nasa.gov
California Institute of Technology | Plan: To live long and prosper
Pasadena, CA 91109-8099
http://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroids/2014JO25/2014JO25_planning.html
Asteroid Radar Astronomy